CHARTER

PACIFIC BASIN CONSORTIUM ON HAZARDOUS WASTE:
ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES

RECITALS

WHEREAS, the signatories to this Charter seek to:

A. promote technology and information exchange on issues related to environmental and health issues in the Pacific Basin, specifically including but not exclusively limited to issues relating to hazardous substances and the wastes generated from those substances;

B. develop a network of individuals and organizations expert in the research, the development of policy relating to and the management of the issues referenced above;

C. serve as an objective source of analysis, review, and critique concerning the issues referenced above; and

D. stimulate, coordinate, and conduct research on and promote a sustainable policy for and management of environmental and health issues related to the generation, use, treatment, storage, transportation and disposal of hazardous substances and or waste in the Pacific Basin,

NOW, THEREFORE, THE SIGNATORIES AGREE AS FOLLOWS:

TERMS

I. Definitions

A. The term "country" shall be interpreted broadly to include those nation states, possessions, trust territories, or dependencies in or in close proximity to the Pacific Basin that possess a competent, autonomous organization capable of representing the environmental or human health research, policy or management policies or initiatives of that jurisdiction.

B. The term "management" shall be interpreted to include, but not be limited to, identification, analyses, direction or control of environment or human health issues, especially issues related to the transport, treatment, handling, disposal, recycling, or tracking of hazardous wastes.

C. The term "policy" shall be interpreted to include defined courses of action that are intended to protect and sustain a high quality of human health and the environment in an efficient manner, especially in regards to hazardous waste.

D. The term "research" shall be interpreted to include basic research; applied research; health research; engineering research; policy, social, and economic research; and other activities involving investigation of new and innovative approaches to protect and sustain human health and the environment, especially in regards to hazardous waste management.

II. Establishment and Organization

A. The members, which shall be organizations and individuals involved in environmental and human health studies, including but not limited to hazardous waste research and management, agree to establish the Pacific Basin Consortium on Hazardous Waste: Environmental and Health Studies, known hereinafter as the "PBC."

B. The PBC shall be a multinational, autonomous, nonprofit institution.

2. Board of Directors. The board shall not have less than seven and not more than twenty-five voting members elected by the organization membership, in accordance with Article V.

C. The principal organs of the PBC shall be: a) the General Assembly; b) the Board of Directors; and c) the Secretariat.

D. Such subsidiary organs as may be found necessary may be established in accordance with the present Charter.

E. The PBC shall place no restrictions on the eligibility of men and women to participate in any capacity and under conditions of equality in its principal and subsidiary organs.

III. The General Assembly

The primary organ of the PBC is the General Assembly, comprised of the following three classes of members: 1) organization members, 2) individual members, and 3) special members.

A. Organization membership shall be open to non-profit and for profit organizations both public and private, in all countries operating on the rim and in the basin of the Pacific Ocean, subject to the following provisions:

1. The organization's primary focus shall either conduct or oversee hazardous waste research, policy and/or management initiatives relating to environmental or health studies, including but not limited.

2. The organization shall agree to the charter of the PBC.

3. The organization shall be willing to share the results of nonproprietary research with other members.

4. The organization shall meet the financial obligations of organization membership.

5. The organization shall agree to participate actively in the activities of the PBC, as described in Article V.

6. The organization shall be approved for membership by a majority vote of the board of directors in accordance with Article VI.

7. Organization members shall be accepted into the PBC, with the provision that the number of organization members from any one country shall not exceed 30% of the total PBC membership. Applications that would result in this percentage being exceeded may be placed on a waiting list until there are sufficient organization members from other countries.

8. Each organization member shall designate one individual as its voting representative.

B. Individual membership shall be open to individuals who are interested in research, management, and policies on hazardous waste and environmental or health studies in the Pacific Basin, subject to the following provisions:

1. The individual shall currently be employed in or otherwise demonstrate to the satisfaction of the Board of Directors expertise, interest or knowledge in environmental or human health issues, including but not limited to hazardous waste issues.

2. The individual shall meet the financial obligations of individual membership.

C. Special membership shall be open to research and other organizations that would otherwise qualify for organization membership or individual membership but which, because of their own organizational restrictions, are prohibited from officially joining the PBC, subject to the following provisions:

1. The organization shall otherwise qualify as a organization member or individual member.

2. The organization shall have been prohibited by its own charter or rules of operation from joining the PBC.

3. To qualify for special member status, the organization shall be approved by a majority vote of the Board of Directors.

D. Application for membership shall be made to the Executive Secretary, who shall make the necessary arrangements for approval by the Board of Directors.

E. If, upon determination of the Board of Directors, an organization or individual is deemed to have failed to fulfill its financial or other obligations under the charter, it shall be considered for removal from the membership list. Upon a majority vote of the Board of Directors, the organization or individual shall cease to be a member.

IV. General Powers

A. The general powers of the PBC are:

1. To engage in information exchange among its members, using appropriate approaches, such as electronic and written communications, a journal addressing technical, policy and management aspects of hazardous waste, special publications, periodic conferences, and regular symposia.

2. To conduct training sessions, workshops, educational programs and staff exchanges for the purpose of increasing the skills and knowledge of members.

3. To engage in information exchange among its members, using appropriate approaches, such as electronic and written communications, a journal addressing technical, policy and management aspects of hazardous waste, special publications, periodic conferences, and an annual symposia.

4. To conduct training sessions, workshops, educational programs and staff exchanges for the purpose of increasing the skills and knowledge of members.

5. To act as a clearinghouse for the exchange of data and information on hazardous waste in the Pacific Basin, including such items as reports, books, articles, data, and statistics.

6. To engage in information exchange among its members, using appropriate approaches, such as electronic and written communications, a journal addressing technical, policy and management aspects of hazardous waste, special publications, periodic conferences, and a regular symposium.

7. To conduct training sessions, workshops, educational programs and staff exchanges for the purpose of increasing the skills and knowledge of members.

V. The Board of Directors

A. The Board of Directors is responsible for managing and operating the PBC pursuant to decisions and policies adopted by the General Assembly.

B. The Board of Directors may draft bylaws to be approved by the General Assembly. It will have an executive committee and other committees to act for it in the intervals between meetings. Such executive or other committees shall have no powers other than those derived from the Board; their actions shall have no force and effect unless adopted and ratified by the Board.

C. The Board of Directors shall meet at such times as necessary, coinciding with the regular conference. A simple majority of the voting members of the Board shall constitute a quorum, and decisions shall be by majority vote of those present. Teleconferencing may be used for all duties, with subsequent validation of documents by approval via mail, fax or email.

D. The Board of Directors shall, among its other duties, be responsible for the following:

1. Implementing all decisions and policies, as determined by the organization membership.

2. Developing and approving the annual budget, for submission to the General Assembly.

3. Developing and approving the work program, for submission to the General Assembly.

4. Recommending policies, for submission to the General Assembly.

5. Electing the officers (Chair, Vice-Chair, Secretariat, and Treasurer), as well as establishing their terms of service, subject to approval by the General Assembly.

6. Approving the schedule of activities of the PBC, including long-range plans for conferences and meetings.

7. Recruiting new members and serving as liaison to members, international organizations, and national groups.

8. Approving applications for membership.

9. Approving the dropping of members for failure to meet member obligations.

10. Approving leases, grants, contracts, fellowships, and other agreements for carrying out the objectives of the PBC.

11. Supervising finances, monitoring dues, and approving financial contributions donated in accordance with Article Vlll.

12. Approving the table of organization and conditions of service of the administrative staff of the secretariat.

13. Establishing advisory committees, special working groups, and task forces drawn from the membership to address specific issues of concern.

14. Choosing and securing the location and offices of the Secretariat.

VI. The Secretariat

The secretariat shall be staffed by the Executive Secretary and necessary administrative staff.

VII. Membership Powers

A. Basic authority of the PBC shall be vested in the General Assembly, which is composed of one designated representative from each member organization. Executive direction shall be entrusted to the Board of Directors and Executive Secretary as hereinafter set forth. The powers of the General Assembly include:

1. Electing the Board of Directors and approving the officers elected by the BOD.

2. Approving the policies of the PBC.

3. Approving the work program and schedule of activities of the PBC.

4. Approving the annual budget of the PBC and all matters relating to annual dues and contributions, as well as membership obligations.

5. Approving or otherwise acting on amendments to the charter.

B. The General Assembly shall meet regularly.

1. The General Assembly (that is, one designated representative from each member organization, individual members and special members) shall meet to elect directors, etc.., transact business, and approve the budget for the upcoming year. This meeting shall be designated the "Regular Meeting" (which will be held not less than once every 18 months).

2. The General Assembly may also hold additional regular meetings pursuant to an agreed-upon schedule; special meetings may be called by the Board of Directors, with a minimum of two months' notice for in-person meetings and fifteen calendar days notice for telephonic or other meetings via electronic communications.

3. In lieu of the Regular Meeting or other meetings, all PBC business may be conducted by mail or electronically.

C. A majority vote of the total voting members of the General Assembly shall be required for amendments to the charter or bylaws. All other matters-including those relating to election of officers, dues and contributions, budget approvals, and actions on membership matters, shall be decided upon by a majority vote of those present at the Regular Meeting, assuming a quorum is present. At least 25% of the total General Assembly shall constitute a quorum for the purposes of any General Assembly meeting.

D. For the purposes of electing the Board of Directors and officers, the following procedures shall be followed:

1. The Board of Directors shall have not less than seven and not more than 25 directors. The General Counsel who shall be a non-voting member of the Board.

2. No more than two directors with voting power shall be from the same country. Attempts shall be made to have one Board of Director from each country in the membership.

3. Directors shall be elected at the Regular Meeting; each director shall be elected for a three-year term, with the terms staggered.

4. The chair, vice chair, and treasurer of the Board of Directors also shall be elected at the annual meeting, immediately after the Board of Directors is elected.

5. The director elected as Chair shall serve in that capacity for a three-year period.

6. The director elected as Vice Chair shall serve in that capacity for a three years. Upon completion of the third year, the Vice Chair shall become the Chair, subject to confirmation of a majority of the Board of Directors.

7. The director elected as Treasurer shall serve in that capacity for a three-year term.

8. If a director is elected as an officer (Chair, Vice Chair, or Treasurer), and the term of that office exceeds his or her term on the Board of Directors, then that Director shall stand for reelection to the board at the expiration of his or her term on the board, as in preceding paragraphs a, b, and c. If reelected, then that director shall retain the office until the normal expiration of the term of that office. If not reelected, then that office shall be declared vacant and a new officer elected.

E. Organization, individual and special members shall be able to participate in all activities of the PBC.
XI. Officers

A. The officers of the PBC shall consist of the Chair, Vice Chair, Treasurer, Executive Secretary, immediate Past Chair, General counsel to the Board; the first five shall also be current members of the Board of Directors.

B. The Chair of the Board of Directors presides over meetings of the board. The Chair or his/her duly designated representative shall represent PBC in international meetings and in its relations with governments and international organizations. Meetings of the Board of Directors, whether regular or special, may be called by the Chair or in his or her name. If the need arises, the Chair may delegate these functions for limited periods to the Vice Chair, Treasurer, Executive Secretary or counsel to the Board of Directors.

C. The Vice Chair shall assume the duties of the Chair when they are so delegated.

D. The Treasurer shall execute the functions normally associated with that office. This officer shall have prime responsibility for accounts and finances, including arranging for audits, supervising preparation of the annual budget, and developing financial policy.

E. The immediate Past Chair shall advise the other officers based on his or her experience as chairman.

F. The Executive Secretary is the principal executive officer of the organization. This officer shall hold the office for three years or until the next Regular Meeting, unless he or she is terminated by the Board of Directors. The Executive Secretary shall be responsible for day-to-day administration of the PBC, executing the functions normally associated with the office, under the supervision of the Board and in accordance with the policies adopted by the organization membership.

G. The Board of Directors shall be advised by counsel licensed to practice law in at least one Pacific Basin country, who shall be deemed General Counsel to the PBC. General Counsel shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors and shall be deemed a non-voting member of the Board. General Counsel shall be responsible for providing legal advice to the PBC regarding issues of interest and concern to the Board of Directors.

XII. Finances

A. The funds of the PBC shall be obtained from:

1. Annual dues paid by the members.

2. Donations, legacies, and special contributions accepted by the Board of Directors on behalf of members.

3. Revenues from interest-bearing capital investments, fees, and service charges, if any.

4. Revenues from contracts for services.

B. Donations or special contributions of more than $10,000 shall be approved by the Board of Directors before being accepted. If such donations or special contributions are designated for a particular program or purpose, the wishes of the donors shall be honored. However, no funds shall be accepted if, in the judgment of the board of directors, acceptance appears likely to compromise the international character of the PBC.

C. If a member resigns or is expelled, that member shall remain liable for any past dues owed, including those owed for the current year. Upon the effective date of resignation or expulsion of a member, that member shall cease to have any claim on the assets of the PBC, including donations or special contributions that the member may have made or become obligated for.

D. Accounts shall be audited regularly, and audits shall be completed in time for a report at the annual meeting.

XIV. Intellectual Property Rights

A. Copyrights

1. The Executive Secretary may develop and prepare, for approval of the Board of Directors and the General Assembly, regulations concerning securing copyright protection for PBC publications and disposing of royalties.

B. Patents

2. The Executive Secretary may develop and prepare, for the approval of the Board of Directors and the General Assembly, regulations concerning securing appropriate patents for PBC work and disposing of royalties.

XV. Liability

A. Membership liability shall be limited to member dues, together with any pledges for donations or special contributions.

B. The Board of Directors and General Assembly shall [endeavor at all times to] keep income and expenditures in balance. Indebtedness shall not be incurred without the approval of both bodies.

XVI. Amendments to the Charter

A. No change shall be made in the Charter except by a majority vote of the organization membership and after due notice and circulation of the proposed changes a minimum of eight weeks in advance.

B. Amendments shall enter into force ninety (90) days after adoption.

XVII. Dissolution and Liquidation

A. The PBC shall be dissolved by a majority of its members if at any time there are fewer than seven organization members or if the organization membership decides to dissolve the PBC pursuant to the provisions of Article V

XVIII. Final Provisions

A. The Charter shall enter into force upon garnering the signatures of the representatives of at least seven organization members.

B. The charter shall enter into force for other organizations upon approval by the Board of Directors of their application for membership.